English Lesson Plan for First Year Free Essays

React In different manners that show comprehension of the exposition. 4. Include themselves effectively In homeroom conversations. We will compose a custom paper test on English Lesson Plan for First Year or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now 5. Contribute considerably and beneficially in a gathering work. 6. Compose a short letter engaging Filipinos. 8. Showcase a short envisioned scene in the paper. 9. Offer accommodating guidance to somebody out of luck. 10. Make a four-line refrain communicating what they’ve realized today. II. Topic and Materials Philippine Literature (Essay) Selection: â€Å"I’m Glad I’m A Little Guy’ via Carols P. Ormolu Reference: Afro-Asian Voices by Damming-Bilateral, et. Al. (up. 9-10) Online Source: http://books. Google. Com/ Materials for the educator: Picture of Carols P. Ormolu Visual guides Materials for Group Dynamics: Strips of paper for task-dissemination 1/8 outline board Rubrics Procedure Ill. A. Starter Activities 1 . Petition 2. Checking of Attendance 3. Revelation of the task given before B. Freedom of Difficulties (Vocabulary Development) Pick out from the neighboring words the piece of information or hints that sign importance to the underlined word or gathering of words in each number: 1 . The little individual is by and large misjudged before all else. Since he is little, little is anticipated from him. 2. Indeed, even at home, I’m a little individual. My four children all look down on me from a vantage of a few inches. 3. It is the obligation of the little Davis here to indulgence rocks of truth between the eyes of ranting Goliath †and cause them to carry on. 4. My little height has regularly been made obvious in my relations with popular individuals. During the World War II, I was along the edge of General MacArthur who transcend eight crawls above me. 5. My significant other stated, â€Å"l want to gleam faintly in my husband’s shadow. † An associate Jested that this didn’t leave her much space to sparkle in. Answers: 2. Vantage †worthwhile position 3. Raving †boisterous mouthed 4. Prominent †self-evident/observable . Joking †Joking B. Inspiration Allow the understudies to organize these Jumbled words into a sentence. (Answer: One’s physical appearance isn't an impediment to one’s achievement. ) Guide Questions: 1. Do you have physical shortcomings (stature, your looks, figure, and so forth )? 2. How would you oversee/manage them? D. Foundation of the Author 1. Show the image of Carols P. Ormolu. 2. Ask the understudies in regards to what they think about him. 3. Stress the fundamental realities about him as expressed underneath: E. Conversation 1 . For what reason does Carols Ormolu end up in a warmed discussion with Mr†¦ Fishiness? 2. How does Mr†¦ Fishiness carry on during the circumstance? . Is it directly for him to embarrass one who is little in height? Why or why not? 4. Does C. Ormolu ever feel aware of his tallness? Legitimize your answer. 5. Ormolu gives the benefits of being a little individual. Name a portion of these. 6. Do you support of Ormolu’s r esponse to Mr†¦ Fishiness’s comment? Clarify your answer. 7. Clarify what Ormolu implies when he says, â€Å"It is the obligation of the little Davis here to excursion rocks of truth between the eyes of raving Goliath †and cause them to act. † 8. Filipinos are regularly looked downward on in light of the fact that they are little as well as show significance? Guard your answer. F. Advancement: Group Dynamics! NOTE: Write the undertakings of each gathering in a sheet of paper in advance remembering the rubric for which they will be assessed. 1 . Gathering the understudies into five (5). 2. Circulate the pieces of paper as needs be. 3. Advise them that the term to achieve the assignment given is eight to ten (8-10) minutes. 4. Each gathering will introduce their yield to the class in arbitrary utilizing â€Å"draw lets. † Group A. Imagine that you are a Filipino representative who was available in the United Nations meeting in Paris. Compose a short letter to Mr†¦ Fishiness expressing your assessment of his comment to Carols Ormolu and your reasons. Have a couple of gathering preservative’s present your work. Gathering B. Make a trademark/aphorism engaging Filipinos who are frequently looked downward on as a result of our diminutiveness or earthy colored composition. Have a couple of gathering representative’s to introduce your work. Gathering C. Showcase the warmed discussion between Carols Ormolu and Mr†¦ Fishiness. ALL individuals from the gathering ought to take an interest. Gathering D. Envision that you are a DC in a radio broadcast offering guidance to your audience members. One stated, â€Å"Dear DC, I need your recommendation. I’m a competitor so I’m an extremely tall lady with a strong form. In any case, this made my companions ridicule me saying I resemble a manager or baklava. Step by step instructions to refer to English Lesson Plan for First Year, Papers

Opportunities for International Marketing-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Go to Nestle's Australian site (www.nestle.com.au). Audit its most recent news and the Peter's image page to recognize late new-item dispatches or special battles. Which sections of the market are these items/battles focused on? 2.If a Company is keen on evaluating the circulation of salary in the Northern Territory or New Zealands' North Island, how might it continue? Be explicit. 3.Visit three web administrations of quick moving customer products (FCMG) organizations (for instance Unilever and PG). Is there proof of a fragmented methodology or would they say they are mass promoting? 4.Discuss how overall segment patterns are influencing Opportunities for International Marketing and which Industries are set to profits by the maturing child of post war America. Answers: 1.As per the official Australian site of Nestle, Nestle has propelled another item in the market, which is sufficiently proficient to dodge partition twisting. The gadget detailed for this reason gives a visual manual to an appropriate section gauge of each thing. This gadget will manage right segments of all Nestle products(Nestle. 2015). The item doesnt especially focus on any section of the general public as the item appears to be gainful for each other individual. I feel that the item will do well in the commercial center since considers, nowadays underscore on the way that people groups contemplating the part and establish of food has expanded. So as to keep away from the segment bending I feel that the item would be solid. According to Nestle they target helping their buyers with proper segment choices when they buy, get ready, serve and admission their items. The Peters brand has propelled another arrangement of Connoisseur Gourmet Ice Cream, which they guarantee is set up with the best fixings picked from places like the Himalaya, Brooklyn and New York and gives the true kinds of Australia(Brand Faust 2016). As I would see it, when we give a specific item a local flavor, its effort gets limited as each individual doesnt like a commonplace flavor when there are such a significant number of various and general flavors accessible. The item can do well in the Australian market, however in the space it might experience certain deterrent 2.Estimating the dispersion of pay is one of the most significant strides in monetary examination. On the off chance that an organization is keen on assessing the conveyance of pay in the Northern region or New Zealands North Island, right off the bat they need the estimation to ascertain the imbalance and destitution. The most ideal approach to figure the pay disparity in the conveyance is the Ginni coefficient strategy. It helps in estimating how uniformly riches is conveyed in a nation or a specific region. In this strategy, we need the salary of the considerable number of individuals in a nation, which according to the definition is then communicated as a total rate individuals against the total portion of pay, which will give us the Lorenz curve(Milliman 2013). The chart framed with the acquired data gives us the data in regards to the pay heading off to poor people, center and rich individuals. According to the recipe, Ginni Coefficient X X+Y In the event that X=0, at that point it implies that the bend is the line of Equality, which expresses that the dissemination of pay is equal(Books,LLC. 2010). In the event that the Ginni coefficient is 1 or right around 1 it implies that the dispersion is inconsistent. Nations with bigger Ginni coefficient are progressively flimsy as far as circulation of income(Wang 2001). 3.Three Fast moving purchaser products organizations like Mars, Godrej and Amul utilize the procedure of divided showcasing and mass advertising. While all the organizations do decide on fragmented advertising also. If there should arise an occurrence of Mars chocolate in India, well-to-do individuals get a chance to buy the chocolate from abroad, however the working class individuals get the opportunity to get it in India just, henceforth Mars has a sectioned market in India. Same is the situation with Godrej and Amul as they likewise have portioned showcases in outside grounds. As far as division the positioning is as per the following Amul, Godrej and Mars. A few suggestions, which can help the organizations being better as far as portioned advertising Comprehend the point of view of a littler gathering on a huge scale,which is your objective shopper. In the wake of understanding the viewpoint become a beneficial resource for them. Holding inside information can assist you with taking care of and invalidate rivalry. Target and position your buyers suitably and precisely. Concentrate on advancement and conveyance of items to the intended interest group. Contrast your item and those as of now in the market and feature the positive and better perspectives your item show 4.Discuss how overall segment patterns are influencing open doors for worldwide showcasing and which ventures are set to profits by the maturing people born after WW2. The world is without a doubt seeing segment patterns. He created countries are confronting segment patterns like distinction in maturing and creating countries are some place still safe from this. Each country has its own segment challenges(Annoynomous. 2013). The accompanying overall segment patterns are influencing the open doors for universal showcasing Urbanization-It presents both, affordable just as social test. As the urban territory is blasting and large urban areas are getting significantly greater, which requests more abilities, inventiveness and advancement. The development of white collar class society. The improvement of a city prompts various sorts of consumers(Authers 2016). The necessity and gracefully pattern. These components do damper the worldwide marketings execution, which will prompt the interest of worldwide items. An effect in apparent in the general economy, affiliations are consistently attempting to be worthwhile, reasonable, and heading. In any case, segment patterns and its powers remain against their investment in the worldwide business. Moreover, getting to the world needs strong promoting technique and the various examples consolidate quick improvement of regional trade, bringing APEC, EU, ASEAN, etc; increasingly capital and headway in various nations, recognize expanded making sure about effect; advancement of the best transformative markets, for instance, China, Hungary, India, and Malaysia; in addition to the availability of forefront development for transportation and correspondence. The ventures, which are set to be profited by the maturing children of post war America are Nestle, Nike, Apple, and Toyota and so on List of sources Annoynomous. 2013, 'In what manner Will Changing Demographics in the U.S. Impact Business in the Coming Decade?', The Wall Street Journal. Authers, J 2016, 'Socioeconomics and markets: The impacts of maturing', The Financial Times. Books,LLC. 2010, Economic Inequality: Gini Coefficient, World Distribution of Wealth. Brand, M Faust, F 2016, 60+ Western Novels by Max Brand (Including The Dan Barry Series, London. Milliman, D 2013, Brand Thinking and Other Noble Pursuits - Page 323, New York. Settle. 2015, Nestle.com, saw 13 August 2017, https://www.nestle.com.au/. Wang, Y 2001, Measuring Education Inequality: Gini Coefficients of Education.

100 Must-Read Books about the Law and Social Justice

100 Must-Read Books about the Law and Social Justice For the past several months, Book Riot has been getting a lot of requests for recommendations for books explaining why our political and legal systems are the way they are. (We cannot possibly imagine why) So for your reading pleasure we present 100 Must-Read Books about the Law and Social Justice. For this list, I interpreted law broadly. Law is not just something that happens in courtrooms and legislatures; it infuses our whole lives. So while youll find plenty of books about the Supreme Court and its most famous decisions, youll also find some on the everyday impacts of the criminal justice system, the experiences of people in the workplace, and deep dives into the question of how our laws and legal system became what they are now. While most of these books about the law are focused on the United States, our neighbors to the north have not been left out, with some stellar examples of Canadian legal history. There are also a few selections from Europe, Latin America, and South Africa, but full coverage will have to wait for a future list. Without further ado 100 books about the law and more. 1.  The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander: With dazzling candor, legal scholar Michelle Alexander argues that we have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.' 2.  Americas Constitution: A Biography  by  Akhil Reed Amar: Incisive, entertaining, and occasionally controversial, this biography of America’s framing document explains not only what the Constitution says but also why the Constitution says it. 3. Carnal Crimes: Sexual Assault Law in Canada, 1900-1975  by  Constance Backhouse: Using a case-study approach, Constance Backhouse explores nine sexual assault trials from across the country throughout the twentieth century. 4.  Forcing the Spring: Inside the Fight for Marriage Equality by  Jo Becker: Focusing on the historic legal challenge of California’s ban on same-sex marriage, Becker offers a gripping, behind-the scenes narrative told with the lightning pace of a great legal thriller. 5. The Common Legal Past of Europe, 1000-1800 by  Manlio Bellomo: With a vigor and passion rarely found in a scholarly text, Manlio Bellomo has written a broad history of the western European legal tradition. 6. Transgender Employment Experiences: Gendered Perceptions and the Law  by  Kyla Bender-Baird: Using personal interviews, legal case histories, and transgender theory, Transgender Employment Experiences combines policy analysis with the lived experiences of twenty transgender-identified employees, showing how worker protections that should exist under the Civil Rights Act are instead systematically undermined in the case of many transgender employees. 7.  Policing the National Body: Race, Gender and Criminalization in the United States edited by  Anannya Bhattacharjee and Jael Silliman: Policing the National Body places issues of race, class, and gender at the center of its reproductive rights and social justice agenda by focusing on a key concern among women of color and poor communities today: the difficulty of maintaining families and sustaining community in the face of increasing criminalization. 8.  Madison’s Hand: Revising the Constitutional Convention  by  Mary Sarah Bilder: James Madison’s Notes on the 1787 Constitutional Convention have acquired nearly unquestioned authority as the description of the U.S. Constitution’s creation. No document provides a more complete record of the deliberations in Philadelphia or depicts the Convention’s charismatic figures, crushing disappointments, and miraculous triumphs with such narrative force. But how reliable is this account? 9.  Trying Leviathan: The Nineteenth-Century New York Court Case That Put the Whale on Trial and Challenged the Order of Nature by  D. Graham Burnett: In Trying Leviathan, D. Graham Burnett recovers the strange story of Maurice v. Judd, an 1818 trial that pitted the new sciences of taxonomy against the then-popularâ€"and biblically sanctionedâ€"view that the whale was a fish. The trial fueled a sensational public debate in which nothing less than the order of natureâ€"and how we know itâ€"was at stake. 10. Lets Get Free: A Hip-Hop Theory of Justice by  Paul Butler: Paul Butler was an ambitious federal prosecutor, a Harvard Law grad who gave up his corporate law salary to fight the good fightâ€"until one day he was arrested on the street and charged with a crime he didn’t commit. 11. Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter edited by  Jordan T. Camp and Christina Heatherton: Combining firsthand accounts from activists with the research of scholars and reflections from artists, Policing the Planet traces the global spread of the broken-windows policing strategy. It’s a doctrine that has vastly broadened police power the world overâ€"to deadly effect. 12.  Misconceptions: Unmarried Motherhood and the Ontario Children of Unmarried Parents Act, 1921-1969 by  Lori Chambers:  Chambers shows that the solutions to unwed pregnancy promoted in the reforms of 1921 were themselves based upon misconceptions. Misconceptions argues that child welfare measures which simultaneously seek to rescue children and punish errant women will not, and cannot, succeed in alleviating child or maternal poverty. 13. The Case Against the Supreme Court by  Erwin Chemerinsky: In this devastating book, Erwin Chemerinskyâ€"“one of the shining lights of legal academia” (The New York Times)â€"shows how, case by case, for over two centuries, the hallowed Court has been far more likely to uphold government abuses of power than to stop them. 14. King John and the Road to Magna Carta by Stephen Church: In this authoritative biography, Church describes how it was that a king famous for his misrule gave rise to Magna Carta, the blueprint for good governance. 15.  Between the World and Me  by  Ta-Nehisi Coates: Americans have built an empire on the idea of race, a falsehood that damages us all but falls most heavily on the bodies of black women and menâ€"bodies exploited through slavery and segregation, and, today, threatened, locked up, and murdered out of all proportion. 16.  Sisters in the Struggle : African-American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement  edited by  Bettye Collier-Thomas and V.P. Franklin: Women were at the forefront of the civil rights struggle, but their indvidiual stories were rarely heard. Only recently have historians begun to recognize the central role women played in the battle for racial equality. 17.  The Long, Lingering Shadow: Slavery, Race, and Law in the American Hemisphere by  Robert Cottrol: Students of American history know of the law’s critical role in systematizing a racial hierarchy in the United States. Showing that this history is best appreciated in a comparative perspective, The Long, Lingering Shadow looks at the parallel legal histories of race relations in the United States, Brazil, and Spanish America. 18.  Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement  by  Angela Y. Davis: Reflecting on the importance of black feminism, intersectionality, and prison abolitionism for todays struggles, Davis discusses the legacies of previous liberation struggles, from the Black Freedom Movement to the South African anti-Apartheid movement. She highlights connections and analyzes todays struggles against state terror, from Ferguson to Palestine. 19. Governing Immigration Through Crime: A Reader  edited by  Julie Dowling and Jonathan Inda: In the United States, immigration is generally seen as a law and order issue. Amidst increasing anti-immigrant sentiment, unauthorized migrants have been cast as lawbreakers. Governing Immigration Through Crime offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the use of crime and punishment to manage undocumented immigrants. 20. You Have the Right to Remain Innocent by  James Duane: Using actual case histories of innocent men and women exonerated after decades in prison because of information they voluntarily gave to police, Professor Duane demonstrates the critical importance of a constitutional right not well or widely understood by the average American. Reflecting the most recent attitudes of the Supreme Court, Professor Duane argues that it is now even easier for police to use your own words against you. 21. A Legal History of the Civil War and Reconstruction: A Nation of Rights by  Laura F. Edwards: Although hundreds of thousands of people died fighting in the Civil War, perhaps the wars biggest casualty was the nations legal order. A Nation of Rights explores the implications of this major change by bringing legal history into dialogue with the scholarship of other historical fields. 22. The Informant: A True Story by  Kurt Eichenwald: In this gripping account unfolds one of the most captivating and bizarre tales in the history of the FBI and corporate America. 23. Scorpions: The Battles and Triumphs of FDRs Great Supreme Court Justices by  Noah Feldman: They began as close allies and friends of FDR, but the quest to shape a new Constitution led them to competition and sometimes outright warfare. 24.  Ballot Battles: The History of Disputed Elections in the United States by  Edward Foley: In Ballot Battles, Edward Foley presents a sweeping history of election controversies in the United States, tracing how their evolution generated legal precedents that ultimately transformed how we determine who wins and who loses. 25. Discipline Punish: The Birth of the Prison by  Michel Foucault: In this brilliant work, the most influential philosopher since Sartre suggests that such vaunted reforms as the abolition of torture and the emergence of the modern penitentiary have merely shifted the focus of punishment from the prisoners body to his soul. 26.  Herculine Barbin (Being the Recently Discovered Memoirs of a Nineteenth Century French Hermaphrodite) edited by  Michel Foucault: With an eye for the sensual bloom of young schoolgirls, and the torrid style of the romantic novels of her day, Herculine Barbin tells the story of her life as a hermaphrodite. 27. Law and the Gay Rights Story: The Long Search for Equal Justice in a Divided Democracy by  Walter Frank: In his gripping new book, Walter Frank offers an in-depth look at the court cases that were pivotal in establishing gay rights. But he also tells the story of those individuals who were willing to make waves by fighting for those rights, taking enormous personal risks at a time when the tide of public opinion was against them. 28.  Law in America: A Short History by  Lawrence M. Friedman: In the masterful hands of the subject’s greatest living historian, the story of the evolution of our laws serves to lay bare the deciding struggles over power and justice that have shaped this country from its birth pangs to the present. Law in America is a supreme example of the historian’s art, its brevity a testament to the great elegance and wit of its composition. 29. The Legal Ideology of Removal: The Southern Judiciary and the Sovereignty of Native American Nations by Tim Garrison: This study is the first to show how state courts enabled the mass expulsion of Native Americans from their southern homelands in the 1830s. Our understanding of that infamous period, argues Tim Alan Garrison, is too often molded around the towering personalities of the Indian removal debate, including President Andrew Jackson, Cherokee leader John Ross, and United States Supreme Court Justice John Marshall. This common view minimizes the impact on Indian sovereignty of some little-known legal cases at the state level. 30. Civil Rights Stories edited by  Myriam Gilles and   Risa Goluboff: These stories give the students and faculty members a deeper understanding of the historical and cultural background of the cases and an insight into their long term impact on the development of civil rights law. 31. My Own Words  by  Ruth Bader Ginsburg: The first book from Ruth Bader Ginsburg since becoming a Supreme Court Justice in 1993â€"a witty, engaging, serious, and playful collection of writings and speeches from the woman who has had a powerful and enduring influence on law, women’s rights, and popular culture. 32. Lawyers and Legal Culture in British North America: Beamish Murdoch of Halifax  by  Philip Girard: From award-winning biographer Philip Girard, Lawyers and Legal Culture in British North America is the first history of the legal profession in Canada to emphasize its cross-provincial similarities and its deep roots in the colonial period. 33.  Unequal Freedom: How Race and Gender Shaped American Citizenship and Labor by  Evelyn Nakano Glenn: The inequalities that persist in America have deep historical roots. Evelyn Nakano Glenn untangles this complex history in a unique comparative regional study from the end of Reconstruction to the eve of World War II. 34. Storming the Court: How a Band of Law Students Fought the Presidentâ€"and Won by  Brandt Goldstein: In 1992, three hundred innocent Haitian men, women, and children who had qualified for political asylum in the United States were detained at Guantánamo Bay, Cubaâ€"and told they might never be freed. Charismatic democracy activist Yvonne Pascal and her fellow refugees had no contact with the outside world, no lawyers, and no hope . . . until a group of inspired Yale Law School students vowed to free them. 35.  Inherently Unequal: The Betrayal of Equal Rights by the Supreme Court, 1865-1903 by  Lawrence Goldstone: A potent and original examination of how the Supreme Court subverted justice and empowered the Jim Crow era. 36.  Vagrant Nation: Police Power, Constitutional Change, and the Making of the 1960s by  Risa Goluboff: In 1950s America, it was remarkably easy for police to arrest almost anyone for almost any reason. The criminal justice system-and especially the age-old law of vagrancy-served not only to maintain safety and order but also to enforce conventional standards of morality and propriety. A person could be arrested for sporting a beard, making a speech, or working too little. Yet by the end of the 1960s, vagrancy laws were discredited and American society was fundamentally transformed. What happened? 37.  The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right  by  Michael J. Graetz   and Linda Greenhouse: A revelatory look at the Warren Burger Supreme Court finds that it was not moderate or transitional, but conservativeâ€"and it shaped today’s constitutional landscape. 38.  Becoming Justice Blackmun: Harry Blackmuns Supreme Court Journey by  Linda Greenhouse: In this acclaimed biography, Linda Greenhouse of The New York Times draws back the curtain on Americas most private branch of government, the Supreme Court. Greenhouse was the first print reporter to have access to the extensive archives of Justice Harry A. Blackmun (1908â€"99), the man behind numerous landmark Supreme Court decisions, including Roe v. Wade. 39. The Massey Murder: A Maid, her Master, and the Trial that Shocked a Nation by  Charlotte Grey: In 1915 Carrie Davies, an 18-year old servant girl in the home of Charles (Bert) Massey, scion of the famous Massey family, shot and killed her employer as he entered his house after work. Remarkably, she was acquitted, and award winning popular historian Charlotte Gray explains how this happened. 40. New York Times v. Sullivan: Civil Rights, Libel Law, and the Free Press by  Kermit L. Hall and Melvin I. Urofsky: Illuminating a classic case from the turbulent civil rights era of the 1960s, two of Americas foremost legal historians Kermit Hall and Melvin Urofsky provide a compact and highly readable updating of one of the most memorable decisions in the Supreme Courts canon. 41. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Testing the Constitution  by  Terri Diane Halperin: In The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, Terri Diane Halperin discusses the passage of these laws and the furor over them, as well as the difficulties of enforcement. 42. A Civil Action by  Jonathan Harr: This true story of an epic courtroom showdown, where two of the nations largest corporations were accused of causing the deaths of children from water contamination, was a #1 national bestseller and winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award. 43. Plutocrats United: Campaign Money, the Supreme Court, and the Distortion of American Elections by  Richard L. Hasen: Campaign financing is one of today’s most divisive political issues. The left asserts that the electoral process is rife with corruption. The right protests that the real aim of campaign limits is to suppress political activity and protect incumbents. Meanwhile, money flows freely on both sides. 44.  The Great Dissent: How Oliver Wendell Holmes Changed His Mindâ€"and Changed the History of Free Speech in America by  Thomas Healy: Free speech as we know it comes less from the First Amendment than from a most unexpected source: Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. A lifelong skeptic, he disdained all individual rights, including the right to express ones political views. But in 1919, it was Holmes who wrote a dissenting opinion that would become the canonical affirmation of free speech in the United States. 45. Sisters in Law: How Sandra Day OConnor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg Went to the Supreme Court and Changed the World by  Linda Hirshman: The relationship between Sandra Day O’Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburgâ€"Republican and Democrat, Christian and Jew, western rancher’s daughter and Brooklyn girlâ€"transcends party, religion, region, and culture. Strengthened by each other’s presence, these groundbreaking judges, the first and second women to serve on the highest court in the land, have transformed the Constitution and America itself, making it a more equal place for all women. 46.  Only What We Could Carry: The Japanese American Internment Experience  by  Lawson Fusao Inada: In the wake of wartime panic that followed the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor, more than 100,000 Japanese Americans residing along the West Coast of the United States were uprooted from their homes and their communities and banished to internment camps throughout the country. 47. A Peoples History of the Supreme Court: The Men and Women Whose Cases and Decisions Have Shaped Our Constitution by  Peter Irons: In the tradition of Howard Zinns classic A Peoples History of the United States, Peter Irons chronicles the decisions that have influenced virtually every aspect of our society, from the debates over judicial power to controversial rulings in the past regarding slavery, racial segregation, and abortion, as well as more current cases about school prayer, the Bush/Gore election results, and enemy combatants.' 48.  The Drone Memos: Targeted Killing, Secrecy, and the Law by  Jameel Jaffer: The Drone Memos collects for the first time the legal and policy documents underlying the U.S. government’s deeply controversial practice of “targeted killing”â€"the extrajudicial killing of suspected terrorists and militants, typically using remotely piloted aircraft or drones.” 49. No Constitutional Right to Be Ladies: Women and the Obligations of Citizenship  by  Linda K. Kerber: This pioneering study redefines womens history in the United States by focusing on civic obligations rather than rights. Looking closely at thirty telling cases from the pages of American legal history, Kerbers analysis reaches from the Revolution, when married women did not have the same obligation as their husbands to be patriots, up to the present, when men and women, regardless of their marital status, still have different obligations to serve in the Armed Forces. 50.  The Framers Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution by Michael J. Klarman: Based on prodigious research and told largely through the voices of the participants, Michael Klarmans The Framers Coup narrates how the Framers clashing interests shaped the Constitutionand American history itself. 51. Indelible Ink: The Trials of John Peter Zenger and the Birth of Americas Free Press by  Richard Kluger: When in 1733 a small newspaper, the New-York Weekly Journal, printed scathing articles assailing the new British governor, William Cosby, as corrupt and abusive, colonial New York was scandalized. 52. Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa by  Antjie Krog: Country of My Skull captures the complexity of the Truth Commissions work. The narrative is often traumatic, vivid, and provocative. Krogs powerful prose lures the reader actively and inventively through a mosaic of insights, impressions, and secret themes. This compelling tale is Antjie Krogs profound literary account of the mending of a country that was in colossal need of change. 53. Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and Americas Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion by  Edward J. Larson: In the summer of 1925, the sleepy hamlet of Dayton, Tennessee, became the setting for one of the 20th centurys most contentious dramas: the Scopes trial that pit William Jennings Bryan and the anti-Darwinists against a teacher named John Scopes into a famous debate over science, religion, and their place in public education. 54.  Resistance Behind Bars: The Struggles Of Incarcerated Women  by  Victoria Law and Laura Whitehorn: As it examines daily struggles against appalling prison conditions and injustices, this collection of real-life prisoners stories and analysis of the prison landscape as it is today documents both collective organizing and individual resistance among women incarcerated in the United States. 55. Environmental Law Stories edited by  Richard Lazarus and Oliver Houck: Environmental Law Stories feature characters as diverse as community activists, small farmers, big businesses, dedicated scientists, skilled lawyers, strong-willed judges, and Presidents of the United States. Four of the ten selected cases established the field of environmental law, three others refined it, and the final three have sought to limit its effectiveness and reach. This selection mirrors the development of the field of environmental law, from the first, heady days of its creation to its current conflicts with other laws and values, including some embedded in the Constitution. 56.  Our Undemocratic Constitution: Where the Constitution Goes Wrong (And How We the People Can Correct It) by  Sanford Levinson: Levinson argues that too many of our Constitutions provisions promote either unjust or ineffective government. Under the existing blueprint, we can neither rid ourselves of incompetent presidents nor assure continuity of government following catastrophic attacks. Less important, perhaps, but certainly problematic, is the appointment of Supreme Court judges for life. Adding insult to injury, the United States Constitution is the most difficult to amend or update of any constitution currently existing in the world today. Democratic debate leaves few stones unturned, but we tend to take our basic constitutional structures for granted. Levinson boldly challenges the American people to undertake a long overdue public discussion on how they might best reform this most hallowed document and construct a constitution adequate to our democratic values. 57. The King is Dead: The Last Will and Testament of Henry VIII   by  Suzannah Lipscomb: Henrys will is one of the most intriguing and contested documents in British history. Historians have disagreed over its intended meaning, its authenticity and validity, and the circumstances of its creation. As well as examining the background to the drafting of the will and describing Henrys last days, Suzannah Lipscomb offers her own illuminating interpretation of one of the most significant constitutional documents of the Tudor period. 58.  Denial: Holocaust History on Trial by  Deborah E. Lipstadt: Denial is Lipstadt’s riveting, blow-by-blow account of this singular legal battle, which resulted in a formal denunciation of a Holocaust denier that crippled the movement for years to come. Lipstadt’s victory was proclaimed on the front page of major newspapers around the world, such as The Times (UK), which declared that ‘history has had its day in court and scored a crushing victory.’” 59. White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race by  Ian Haney López: In White by Law, Haney López traced the reasoning employed by the courts in their efforts to justify the whiteness of some and the non-whiteness of others, and revealed the criteria that were used, often arbitrarily, to determine whiteness, and thus citizenship: skin color, facial features, national origin, language, culture, ancestry, scientific opinion, and, most importantly, popular opinion. 60. Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788 by  Pauline Maier: In this splendid new history, Pauline Maier tells the dramatic story of the yearlong battle over ratification that brought such famous founders as Washington, Hamilton, Madison, Jay, and Henry together with less well-known Americans who sometimes eloquently and always passionately expressed their hopes and fears for their new country. 61. Republic of Debtors: Bankruptcy in the Age of American Independence by  Bruce Mann: Debt was an inescapable fact of life in early America. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, its sinfulness was preached by ministers and the right to imprison debtors was unquestioned. By 1800, imprisonment for debt was under attack and insolvency was no longer seen as a moral failure, merely an economic setback. In Republic of Debtors, Bruce H. Mann illuminates this crucial transformation in early American society. 62. At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistanceâ€"A New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power  by  Danielle L. McGuire: In this groundbreaking and important book, Danielle McGuire writes about the rape in 1944 of a twenty-four-year-old mother and sharecropper, Recy Taylor, who strolled toward home after an evening of singing and praying at the Rock Hill Holiness Church in Abbeville, Alabama. Seven white men, armed with knives and shotguns, ordered the young woman into their green Chevrolet, raped her, and left her for dead. The president of the local NAACP branch office sent his best investigator and organizerRosa Parksto Abbeville. In taking on this case, Parks launched a movement that exposed a ritualized history of sexual assault against black women and added fire to the growing call for change. 63. Queer (In)Justice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States  by  Joey L. Mogul, Andrea J. Ritchie, and Kay Whitlock: A groundbreaking work that turns a “queer eye” on the criminal legal system, Queer (In)Justice is a searing examination of queer experiencesâ€"as suspects, defendants, prisoners, and survivors of crime. 64: 1867: How the Fathers Made a Deal by  Christopher Moore: From the first chapter, he turns a fresh, perceptive, and lucid eye on the people, the issues, and the political theories of Confederationâ€"from John A. Macdonald’s canny handling of leadership to the invention of federalism and the Senate, from the Quebec question to the influence of political philosophers Edmund Burke and Walter Bagehot. 65. Pushout: The Criminalization of Black Girls in Schools by  Monique W. Morris: Just 16 percent of female students, Black girls make up more than one-third of all girls with a school-related arrest. The first trade book to tell these untold stories, Pushout exposes a world of confined potential and supports the growing movement to address the policies, practices, and cultural illiteracy that push countless students out of school and into unhealthy, unstable, and often unsafe futures. 66. The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America by  Khalil Gibran Muhammad: The idea of black criminality was crucial to the making of modern urban America, as were African Americans’ own ideas about race and crime. Chronicling the emergence of deeply embedded notions of black people as a dangerous race of criminals by explicit contrast to working-class whites and European immigrants, this fascinating book reveals the influence such ideas have had on urban development and social policies. 67. The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America by  Naomi Murakawa: In The First Civil Right, Naomi Murakawa inverts the conventional wisdom by arguing that the expansion of the federal carceral state-a system that disproportionately imprisons blacks and Latinos-was, in fact, rooted in the civil-rights liberalism of the 1940s and early 1960s, not in the period after. 68.  Women of Color and the Reproductive Rights Movement by  Jennifer Nelson: Jennifer Nelson tells the story of the feminist struggle for legal abortion and reproductive rights in the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s through the particular contributions of women of color. 69. The Majesty of the Law: Reflections of a Supreme Court Justice by  Sandra Day OConnor: In this remarkable book, a national bestseller in hardcover, Sandra Day O’Connor explores the law, her life as a Supreme Court Justice, and how the Court has evolved and continues to function, grow, and change as an American institution. 70.  Making Foreigners: Immigration and Citizenship Law in America, 1600-2000  by  Kunal M. Parker: Kunal Parker argues that during the earliest stages of American history, being legally constructed as a foreigner, along with being subjected to restrictions on presence and movement, was not confined to those who sought to enter the country from the outside, but was also used against those on the inside. Insiders thus shared important legal disabilities with outsiders. 72. Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy by James T. Patterson: Here, in a concise, moving narrative, Bancroft Prize-winning historian James T. Patterson takes readers through the dramatic case and its fifty-year aftermath. 73.  The Good Girls Revolt: How the Women of Newsweek Sued their Bosses and Changed the Workplace by  Lynn Povich: On March 16, 1970, the day Newsweek published a cover story on the fledgling feminist movement entitled Women in Revolt, forty-six Newsweek women charged the magazine with discrimination in hiring and promotion.   It was the first female class action lawsuitâ€"the first by women journalistsâ€"and it inspired other women in the media to quickly follow suit. 74.  The Republic According to John Marshall Harlan by  Linda Przybyszewski: Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan (1833-1911) is best known for condemning racial segregation in his dissent from Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, when he declared, Our Constitution is color-blind. But in other judicial decisionsâ€"as well as in some areas of his lifeâ€"Harlans actions directly contradicted the essence of his famous statement. Similarly, Harlan was called the peoples judge for favoring income tax and antitrust laws, yet he also upheld doctrines that benefited large corporations.  75.  Six Women of Salem: The Untold Story of the Accused and Their Accusers in the Salem Witch Trials  by  Marilynne K. Roach: Six Women of Salem is the first work to use the lives of a select number of representative women as a microcosm to illuminate the larger crisis of the Salem witch trials. 76.  Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty by  Dorothy Roberts: In Killing the Black Body, Northwestern University professor Dorothy Roberts exposes America’s systemic abuse of Black women’s bodies, from slave masters’ economic stake in bonded women’s fertility to government programs that coerced thousands of poor Black women into being sterilized as late as the 1970s. 77.  Women and the Law: Stories edited by  Elizabeth M. Schneider and Stephanie M. Wildman: This book examines landmark cases establishing women’s legal rights, offering accounts of the litigants, history, parties, strategies, and theoretical implications. It will enrich any law school course and can serve as a text for a course on women and the law, gender and law, feminist jurisprudence, or women’s studies. This volume utilizes subject areas common to many women and law casebooks: history, constitutional law, reproductive freedom, the workplace, the family, and women in the legal profession. 78.  Undivided Rights: Women of Color Organizing for Reproductive Justice  by  Jael Silliman, Marlene Gerber Fried, Loretta Ross, and Elena Gutiérrez: Undivided Rights presents a textured understanding of the reproductive rights movement by placing the experiences, priorities, and activism of women of color in the foreground. Using historical research, original organizational case studies, and personal interviews, the authors illuminate how women of color have led the fight to control their own bodies and reproductive destinies. 79. Cannibalism and the Common Law: The Story of the Tragic Last Voygage of the Mignonette and the Strange Legal Proceedings to Which it Gave Rise by  A.W. Brian Simpson: Cannibalism and the Common Law is an enthralling classic of legal history. It tells the tragic story of the yacht Mignonette, which foundered on its way from England to Australia in 1884. The killing and eating of one of the crew, Richard Parker, led to the leading case in the defence of necessity, R. v. Dudley and Stephens. It resulted in their being convicted and sentenced to death, a sentence subsequently commuted. 80. My Beloved World  by  Sonia Sotomayor:  The first Hispanic and third woman appointed to the United States Supreme Court, Sonia Sotomayor has become an instant American icon. Now, with a candor and intimacy never undertaken by a sitting Justice, she recounts her life from a Bronx housing project to the federal bench, a journey that offers an inspiring testament to her own extraordinary determination and the power of believing in oneself. 81.  Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex  edited by  Eric A. Stanley and Nat Smith: Pathologized, terrorized, and confined, trans/gender non-conforming and queer folks have always struggled against the prison industrial complex. Eric A. Stanley and Nat Smith bring together current and former prisoners, activists, and academics for a new understanding of how race, gender, ability, and sexuality are lived under the crushing weight of captivity. 82.  Courting Death: The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment by  Carol S. Steiker and Jordan M. Steiker: Unique among Western democracies in refusing to eradicate the death penalty, the United States has attempted instead to reform and rationalize state death penalty practices through federal constitutional law. Courting Death traces the unusual and distinctive history of top-down judicial regulation of capital punishment under the Constitution and its unanticipated consequences for our time. 83. The Buffalo Creek Disaster: How the Survivors of One of the Worst Disasters in Coal-Mining History Brought Suit Against the Coal Companyâ€"And Won by  Gerald M. Stern: One Saturday morning in February 1972, an impoundment dam owned by the Pittston Coal Company burst, sending a 130 million gallon, 25 foot tidal wave of water, sludge, and debris crashing into southern West Virginias Buffalo Creek hollow. It was one of the deadliest floods in U.S. history. 125 people were killed instantly, more than 1,000 were injured, and over 4,000 were suddenly homeless. Instead of accepting the small settlements offered by the coal companys insurance offices, a few hundred of the survivors banded together to sue. This is the story of their triumph over incredible odds and corporate irresponsibility, as told by Gerald M. Stern, who as a young lawyer and took on the case and won. 84. Six Amendments: How and Why We Should Change the Constitution by  John Paul Stevens: By the time of his retirement in June 2010, John Paul Stevens had become the second longest serving Justice in the history of the Supreme Court. Now he draws upon his more than three decades on the Court, during which he was involved with many of the defining decisions of the modern era, to offer a book like none other. 85.  Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime: From the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism  by  Geoffrey R. Stone: Geoffrey Stones Perilous Times incisively investigates how the First Amendment and other civil liberties have been compromised in America during wartime. Stone delineates the consistent suppression of free speech in six historical periods from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the Vietnam War, and ends with a coda that examines the state of civil liberties in the Bush era. 86.  Speaking Freely: Whitney v. California and American Speech Law by  Philippa Strum: Anita Whitney was a child of wealth and privilege who became a vocal leftist early in the twentieth century, supporting radical labor groups such as the Wobblies and helping to organize the Communist Labor Party. In 1919 she was arrested and charged with violating Californias recently passed laws banning any speech or activity intended to change the American political and economic systems. The story of the Supreme Court case that grew out of Whitneys conviction, told in full in this book, is also the story of how Americans came to enjoy the most liberal speech laws in the world. 87. Down, Out, and Under Arrest: Policing and Everyday Life in Skid Row by  Forrest Stuart: How did we reach a point where we’ve cut support for our poorest citizens, yet are spending ever more on policing and prisons? That’s the complicated, maddening story that Stuart tells in Down, Out and Under Arrest, a close-up look at the hows and whys of policing poverty in the contemporary United States. 88. Because of Sex: One Law, Ten Cases, and Fifty Years That Changed American Womens Lives at Work by  Gillian Thomas: Best known as a monumental achievement of the civil rights movement, the 1964 Civil Rights Act also revolutionized the lives of America’s working women. Title VII of the law made it illegal to discriminate “because of sex.” But that simple phrase didn’t mean much until ordinary women began using the law to get justice on the job?and some took their fights all the way to the Supreme Court. 89.  Feminist Legal History: Essays on Women and Law edited by  Tracy A. Thomas and Tracey Jean Boisseau: Feminist Legal History represents feminist legal historians’ efforts to define their field, by showcasing historical research and analysis that demonstrates how women were denied legal rights, how women used the law proactively to gain rights, and how, empowered by law, women worked to alter the law to try to change gendered realities. 90. The Run of His Life: The People v. O. J. Simpson by  Jeffrey Toobin: The definitive account of the O. J. Simpson trial, The Run of His Life is a prodigious feat of reporting that could have been written only by the foremost legal journalist of our time. 91.  Uncertain Justice: The Roberts Court and the Constitution by  Laurence Tribe and Joshua Matz: From Citizens United to its momentous rulings regarding Obamacare and gay marriage, the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Roberts has profoundly affected American life. Yet the court remains a mysterious institution, and the motivations of the nine men and women who serve for life are often obscure. Now, in Uncertain Justice, Laurence Tribe and Joshua Matz show the surprising extent to which the Roberts Court is revising the meaning of our Constitution. 92. The Nuremberg Trial  by  Ann Tusa and John Tusa: Here is a gripping account of the major postwar trial of the Nazi hierarchy in World War II. The Nuremberg Trial brilliantly recreates the trial proceedings and offers a reasoned, often profound examination of the processes that created international law. From the whimpering of Kaltenbrunner and Ribbentrop on the stand to the icy coolness of Goering, each participant is vividly drawn. 93.  Crook County: Racism and Injustice in Americas Largest Criminal Court by  Nicole Gonzalez Van Cleve: Nicole Gonzalez Van Cleve spent ten years working in and investigating the largest criminal courthouse in the country, Chicagoâ€"Cook County, and based on over 1,000 hours of observation, she takes readers inside our so-called halls of justice to witness the types of everyday racial abuses that fester within the courts, often in plain sight. 94.  The African Canadian Legal Odyssey: Historical Essays edited by  Barrington Walker: The African Canadian Legal Odyssey explores the history of African Canadians and the law from the era of slavery until the early twenty-first century. This collection demonstrates that the social history of Blacks in Canada has always been inextricably bound to questions of law, and that the role of the law in shaping Black life was often ambiguous and shifted over time. 95. Race, Sex, and the Freedom to Marry: Loving v. Virginia  by  Peter Wallenstein: In 1958 Mildred Jeter and Richard Loving, two young lovers from Caroline County, Virginia, got married. Soon they were hauled out of their bedroom in the middle of the night and taken to jail. Their crime? Loving was white, Jeter was not, and in Virginiaâ€"as in twenty-three other states thenâ€"interracial marriage was illegal. Their experience reflected that of countless couples across America since colonial times. And in challenging the laws against their marriage, the Lovings closed the book on that very long chapter in the nation’s history. Race, Sex, and the Freedom to Marry tells the story of this couple and the case that forever changed the law of race and marriage in America. 96. The Taming of Free Speech: America’s Civil Liberties Compromise by  Laura Weinrib: In the early decades of the twentieth century, business leaders condemned civil liberties as masks for subversive activity, while labor sympathizers denounced the courts as shills for industrial interests. But by the Second World War, prominent figures in both camps celebrated the judiciary for protecting freedom of speech. In this strikingly original history, Laura Weinrib illustrates how a surprising coalition of lawyers and activists made judicial enforcement of the Bill of Rights a defining feature of American democracy. 97.  American Legal History: A Very Short Introduction by  G. Edward White: Eminent legal scholar G. Edward White offers a compact overview that sheds light on the impact of law on a number of key social issues. Rather than offer a straight chronological history, the book instead traces important threads woven throughout our nations past, looking at how law shaped Native American affairs, slavery, business, and home life, as well as how it has dealt with criminal and civil offenses. White shows that law has not always been used to exemplary ends. 98. The Origins of Reasonable Doubt: Theological Roots of the Criminal Trial by  James Q. Whitman: To be convicted of a crime in the United States, a person must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. But what is reasonable doubt? Even sophisticated legal experts find this fundamental doctrine difficult to explain. In this accessible book, James Q. Whitman digs deep into the history of the law and discovers that we have lost sight of the original purpose of reasonable doubt. It was not originally a legal rule at all, he shows, but a theological one. 99. The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court by  Bob Woodward and Scott Armstrong: The Brethren is the first detailed behind-the-scenes account of the Supreme Court in action.  Bob Woodward and Scott Armstrong have pierced its secrecy to give us an unprecedented view of the Chief and Associate Justicesâ€"maneuvering, arguing, politicking, compromising, and making decisions that affect every major area of American life. 100. The Battle for the Black Ballot: Smith v. Allwright and the Defeat of the Texas All White Primary  by  Charles L. Zelden: The history of voting rights in America is a checkerboard marked by dogged progress against persistent prejudice toward an expanding inclusiveness. The Supreme Court decision in Smith v. Allwright is a crucial chapter in that broader story and marked a major turning point for the modern civil rights movement.

Sand Dunes Around the World

Sand dunes form some of the most spectacular and dynamic landforms on the planet. Individual sand granules (grains of sand) accumulate through both water and wind (eolian) transportation, a process known as saltation. Individual saltating granules form transversely (perpendicular) to the winds direction forming small ripples. As more granules collect, dunes form. Sand dunes can form in any landscape on Earth, not just deserts. Formation of Sand Dunes Sand itself is a type of soil particle. Its large size makes for swift transportation and high erodability. When granules accumulate, they form dunes under the following conditions: 1. Granules accumulate in an area devoid of vegetation.2. There must be enough wind to transport the granules.3. Granules will eventually settle into drifts and in larger quantities dunes when they accumulate against a stable barrier to the wind, such as vegetation or rocks. Parts of a Sand Dune Every sand dune has a windward (stoss) slope, crest, slipface, and leeward slope. The stoss side of the dune is transverse to the predominant wind direction. Saltating sand granules travel up the leeward slope, slowing as they accumulate other granules. The slipface forms right underneath the crest (the peak of the sand dune), where granules reach their maximum height and begin to slope steeply down the leeward side. Types of Sand Dunes Crescent sand dunes, also called barchan or transverse, are the most common sand dune shapes in the world. They form along the same direction as the predominant winds and have a single slipface. Since they are wider than they are long they can travel very quickly. Linear dunes are straight and are often in the form of parallel ridges. Reversing dunes result from sand dunes that are impacted by wind that reverses direction. Star dunes are pyramid-shaped and have three or more sides. Dunes can also be comprised of smaller dunes of different types, called complex dunes. Sand Dunes Around the World Algerias Grand Erg Oriental is one of the largest sea of dunes in the world. This portion of the vast Sahara Desert covers over 140,00 square kilometers in area. These predominantly linear dunes run north-south, with some complex dunes in the area as well. The famous sand dunes at Great Sand Dune National Park in southern Colorado formed in a valley from ancient lake bed. Large quantities of sand remained in the area after the lake breached. Predominant winds blew the sands towards the nearby Sangre de Cristo mountains. Storm winds blew over the other side of the mountains towards the valley, causing the dunes to grow vertically. This resulted in the tallest sand dunes in North America at over 750 feet. Several hundred miles north and east lie the Nebraska sandhills. Much of west and central Nebraska is covered by these ancient mostly transverse dunes, left over from when the Rocky Mountains formed. Agriculture can be difficult so ranching is the predominant land use in the area. Livestock graze these heavily vegetated hills. The sandhills are significant as they helped form the Ogallala Aquifer, which provides water for much of the Great Plains and central North America. Highly porous sandy soils collected centuries of rain and glacial meltwater, which helped form the massive unconfined aquifer. Today organizations such as the Sandhills Task Force strive to save water resources in this area. Visitors and residents of one of the Midwests largest cities can visit the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, along part of Lake Michigans southern shore, about an hour southeast of Chicago. The dunes at this popular attraction resulted when the Wisconsin glacier formed Lake Michigan over 11,000 years ago. Sediments left behind formed the present dunes as the massive glacier melted during the Wisconsin Ice Age. Mount Baldy, the tallest dune in the park actually retreats south at a rate of about four feet per year as it is too tall to for vegetation to hold it in place. This kind of dune is known as a freedune. Sand dunes are found around the world, in varying types of climates. Overall, every sand dune is created by the interaction of the wind with soil in the form of grains of sand.

Why Trust Is A Bond That Brings Humans - 1169 Words

Hard to gain; easily lost. Trust is earned, not given. Trust is a bond that brings humans as closely as love does. Trust could be a feeling, or a cause and effect type of thing. Of course, one cannot say that trust is infinite. Because trust can be gained and lost, and is seen in the actions of us humans as we live our lives. Some perceive trust as being put it in things such as, God, science, doctors, parents, or even water treatment plant operators. Other people look at trust only within in a relationship perspective, such as, being there for your mate. For example, trusting, supporting and showing genuine care for one another. Trust would also be demonstrated through consistency in his/her actions. For example, showing up for dates agreed-upon time. Keeping private information just between the two of you and always respecting boundaries. If you only look at trust from these ways you limit trust. Trust covers nearly every aspect of our lives and displays who you are as individuals. Trust should be earned not given, and some of the traits of trust are authenticity, experience, confidence, honesty, and integrity. Authenticity is a trait of trust. Being authentically trustworthy requires that you be honest in all your dealings -- big and small. For example, a big way of being authentic in all your dealings is let’s say that you’re married to your wife/husband and he/she is going to alcohol for relief from stress. You know going to alcohol isn’t beneficial for them, so theShow MoreRelatedA Good Relationship With My Father892 Words   |  4 Pagesin order to have a good relationship with another human you have to live in the same house as they do or even in the same state or country, but the farther you are the more difficult it will be to obtain an ideal relationship or connection with that person. A good relationship can be defined in multiple ways and each person has their own take on it. I believe that to truly have a good, grounded, relationship with someone you need to be able to trust that person, enjoy their company, and accept theRead MoreOthello, By William Shakes peare1134 Words   |  5 Pagesbackground instills in him trust and loyalty, which in the beginning are traits that deem him a good and honest man. Yet it is exactly these traits that in turn become part of the reason for his downfall. The military lifestyle is all about discipline, accountability and structure and I believe that it was the only thing Othello knew. Being a general in the army came with a lot of responsibilities and leadership qualities, which he had such as compassion, honor, loyalty and trust. These qualities and traitsRead MoreMy Best Friend: A True Friendship869 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant things you can get out of life. It’s something that everyone has to have because without it we would all go insane. 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This friendship could be a bond that only lasts as long as they are alike in the termsRead MoreThe Bonding Through Instrumental Music875 Words   |  4 Pages1484 B.C. (Suttie 1). Why would one need an instrument when they should focus on survival? Some say it aided in scaring away animals or attracting the opposite gen der (Hullinger 1). Jessica Hullinger (2015) says she believes humans formed music to bring communities together (1). Symphonies, orchestras, and bands bond people together today by allowing them to do something creative as a group, to come together to relate over a common interest, and to develop the emotions humans feel towards one anotherRead MoreDo High Levels of Trust Between Workers and Management Lead to Better Performance?1264 Words   |  6 PagesDo high levels of trust between workers and management lead to better performance? There is a direct link between a high or low level of trust between the workers and management within a corporation and the productivity growth. Corporation must be willing and prepared to make small but regular investments that are required, and there will be a high substantial return, both in material and a healthy labour management climate. There are mainly three concepts that describe the working climate withinRead MoreBond Between Humans and Animals Throughout History Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen an integral part human culture. Up until the mid-nineteenth century, humans got around by horse and carriage. Animals have always been essential to human survival; man has always used animals for resources. Given the time spent together, animals and humans have developed bonds and relationships. Today, there are millions of domesticated animals. These animals become a part of each family their taken care by. People have come to love their pets like family. The bonds and relatio nships thatRead MoreThe Power Of Love By Sue Johnson1457 Words   |  6 Pages The bonds people form as infants from the time that person grows old, are important to their way of life (Johnson, 2016, p.10). The decrease of heart risk, the reduced stress, and the longevity of life are all aspects that come from a successful relationship with strong confident bonds (Johnson, 2016, p.13).The same can be said though for people with orientated and problematic relationships with harmful side effects like decreased life, excessive amounts of cortisol, and uncontrollableRead MoreThe Secrets Of India With Her New Identity And As A Better Matured Person Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pageshadn’t changed things between---†(274) Rajat was in suspicious state, he don’t know to think about anything right now so he goes with Maman’s decision, â€Å"Maman is right. If you didn’t intend to deceive us, you must have evidence of that. And if you do, why should you mind being asked to share it?†(274) Korobi feels broken after hearing this from Rajat, she understood that even Rajat has no faith in her but she didn’t respond anything, she just pulled her engagement ring as a symbol of break off and setRead MoreEssay about John Locke ´s Flawless Government860 Words   |  4 PagesAs human beings we are constantly at war with each other, because we believe we are all right. This common misconception leads to a war of all against all, and creates pandemonium. As a result, we create governments to maintain control. Obviously there is no such thing as a perfect government, and there will never be a perfect government. However, there are some methods of governing that come extremely clo se to achieving an ideal government. John Locke offers a way of governing, which I believe comes

Fi515 Free Essays

Final Exam Page 1 1. (TCO A) Which of the following does NOT always increase a company’s market value? (Points : 5) Increasing the expected growth rate of sales Increasing the expected operating profitability (NOPAT/Sales) Decreasing the capital requirements (Capital/Sales) Decreasing the weighted average cost of capital Increasing the expected rate of return on invested capital| 2. (TCO F) Which of the following statements is correct? (Points : 5) For a project with normal cash flows, any change in the WACC will change both the NPV and the IRR. We will write a custom essay sample on Fi515 or any similar topic only for you Order Now To find the MIRR, we first compound cash flows at the regular IRR to find the TV, and then we discount the TV at the WACC to find the PV. The NPV and IRR methods both assume that cash flows can be reinvested at the WACC. However, the MIRR method assumes reinvestment at the MIRR itself. If two projects have the same cost, and if their NPV profiles cross in the upper right quadrant, then the project with the higher IRR probably has more of its cash flows coming in the later years. If two projects have the same cost, and if their NPV profiles cross in the upper right quadrant, then the project with the lower IRR probably has more of its cash flows coming in the later years. | 3. (TCO D) The Ramirez Company’s last dividend was $1. 75. Its dividend growth rate is expected to be constant at 25% for 2 years, after which dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 6% forever. Its required return (rs) is 12%. What is the best estimate of the current stock price? a. $41. 58 b. $42. 64 c. $43. 71 d. $44. 80 e. $45. 92(Points : 20) | 4. TCO G) The ABC Corporation’s budgeted monthly sales are $4,000. In the first month, 40% of its customers pay and take the 3% discount. The remaining 60% pay in the month following the sale and don’t receive a discount. ABC’s bad debts are very small and are excluded from this analysis. Purchases for next month’s sales are constant each month at $2,000. Other payments for wages, rent, and taxes are const ant at $500 per month. Construct a single month’s cash budget with the information given. What is the average cash gain or (loss) during a typical month for the ABC Corporation? (Points : 20) | 5. TCO G) Clayton Industries is planning its operations for next year, and Ronnie Clayton, the CEO, wants you to forecast the firm’s additional funds needed (AFN). The firm is operating at full capacity. Data for use in your forecast are shown below. Based on the AFN equation, what is the AFN for the coming year? Dollars are in millions. Last year’s sales = S0| $350| | Last year’s accounts payable| $40| Sales growth rate = g| 30%| | Last year’s notes payable| $50| Last year’s total assets = A0*| $500| | Last year’s accruals| $30| Last year’s profit margin = PM| 5%| | Target payout ratio| 60%| a. $102. b. $108. 2 c. $113. 9 d. $119. 9 e. $125. 9 (Points : 30) | | Final Exam Page 2 1. (TCO H) Desai Inc. has the following data, in thousands . Assuming a 365-day year, what is the firm’s cash conversion cycle? Annual sales = Annual cost of goods sold = Inventory = Accounts receivable = Accounts payable =| $45,000 $30,000 $4,500 $1,800 $2,500| a. 28 days b. 32 days c. 35 days d. 39 days e. 43 days (Points : 30) | 2. (TCO C) A firm buys on terms of 2/8, net 45 days, it does not take discounts, and it actually pays after 58 days. What is the effective annual percentage cost of its nonfree trade credit? Use a 365-day year. ) a. 14. 34% b. 15. 10% c. 15. 89% d. 16. 69% e. 17. 52%(Points : 30) | 3. (TCO E) Daves Inc. recently hired you as a consultant to estimate the company’s WACC. You have obtained the following information. (1) The firm’s noncallable bonds mature in 20 years, have an 8. 00% annual coupon, a par value of $1,000, and a market price of $1,050. 00. (2) The company’s tax rate is 40%. (3) The risk-free rate is 4. 50%, the market risk premium is 5. 50%, and the stock’s beta is 1. 20. (4) The target capital structure consists of 35% debt and the balance is common equity. The firm uses the CAPM to estimate the cost of common stock, and it does not expect to issue any new shares. What is its WACC? a. 7. 16% b. 7. 54% c. 7. 93% d. 8. 35% e. 8. 79%(Points : 30) | 4. (TCO B) Leak Inc. forecasts the free cash flows (in millions) shown below. If the weighted average cost of capital is 11% and FCF is expected to grow at a rate of 5% after Year 2, what is the Year 0 value of operations, in millions? Assume that the ROIC is expected to remain constant in Year 2 and beyond (and do not make any half-year adjustments). Year: 1 2 Free cash flow: -$50 $100 a. $1,456 b. 1,529 c. $1,606 d. $1,686 e. $1,770(Points : 35) | 5. (TCO G) Based on the corporate valuation model, Hunsader’s value of operations is $300 million. The balance sheet shows $20 million of short-term investments that are unrelated to operations, $50 million of accounts payable, $90 million of notes payable, $30 million of long-term debt, $40 million of preferred stock, and $100 million of comm on equity. The company has 10 million shares of stock outstanding. What is the best estimate of the stock’s price per share? a. $13. 72 b. $14. 44 c. $15. 20 d. $16. 00 e. $16. 80(Points : 35) | | How to cite Fi515, Papers

Tianamen Square Essays - Language, Communication Design, Writer

Tianamen Square Tiananmen Square is where thousands of Chinese people gathered to try to overthrow the Chinese government. Every writer there witnessed and viewed this event in his or her own way. The writers different versions contradicted so much the audience had every reason to be confused over what really happened. The goal of these writers was to persuade the audience to see this event the way the writer saw it. This event in history can show readers how one event that happened only one way, can be told in many different ways. The Beijing Review interviewed a Chinese Military Official, naturally his story will favor the Chinese government. The leaders of the revolt were referred to as bad people; these bad people were accused of influencing the students and viewers to shamefully overthrow the government. This official also said that their losses were great because of the good mingling with the bad, this caused a mass state of confusion resulting in personal loss. He then made it look like the government assault on the people was necessary, and this showed the integrity of the people's army. A writer for the New York Times wrote from a neutral perspective. This writer didn't take a side or judge either group. The writer just gave a story from what he or she eye witnessed. This version was descriptive and filled with facts. The writer also explains why the revolt was taking place. Compare Contrast 2 The Military Official sided with the government, and the New York Times Writer was neutral. The Official labeled people the Times writer did not. The Official used his opinions in his version. The Times writer used facts to demonstrate his or her eye witnessed account. Both writers wrote about things they saw during the event to prove a point, like when the tank drivers were forced from safety by fire then beaten when they would evacuate. After all the versions were viewed the audience couldn't help but be confused over this event. Every different writer told the story of this event his or her way. Some of the writers took sides others stayed neutral. Reading different versions of a story can confuse the reader and misguide him of her from the truth. The reader must always realize what he or she is reading can be misleading.

How To Use Spanish Verbs With Locations

How To Use Spanish Verbs With Locations To say something or someone is somewhere in Spanish, it is most common to use the verb estar. For example, to say that Roberta is at home, you can say simply: Roberta est en casa. However, in some situations it is also possible to use ser, the main other verb for to be, as well as verbs used primarily for location. Estar vs. Ser When Referring to Location Although both are verbs for to be, estar and ser are seldom interchangeable, and that is true especially when they are used for location. Although estar typically is used to describe where a person or thing is located, when speaking of events ser must be used. One key to remember which verb to use is to note that if the verb can be translated as to take place or to be held, ser must be used. Some examples of estar used in reference to persons or things: Tim y Catalina nunca estaban en casa. (Tim and Catalina were never at home.)El restaurante est en Espaà ±a. (The restaurant is in Spain.)Yo salgo a la 1 de clase, para la 1:20 estarà © en la playa. (I am leaving class at 1 so I will be on the beach at 1:20.)Amri y su compaà ±era ya estn en Parà ­s. (Amri and her companion are already in Paris.)El coche est en el taller por una averà ­a. (The car is in the shop to get fixed.)Seattle est en el centro econà ³mico de la regià ³n conocida como Greater Puget Sound. (Seattle is in the regional economic center known as Greater Puget Sound.) Here are some examples of events that require the use of ser: La reunià ³n es en Valencia, Espaà ±a. (The meeting is in Valencia, Spain.)El partido La reunià ³n era en un retaurante selecto de Cartagena. (The meeting was in an exclusive restaurant in Cartagena.) en la capital estadounidense. (The game will be in the American capital.)La recepcià ³n de la boda fue en el restaurante Jjome Terrace. (The wedding reception was in the Jjome Terrace restaurant.) ¿Dà ³nde es el concierto que vemos? (Where is the concert were seeing?)Es posible que el debate fuera en un restaurante selecto de Cartagena. (Its possible the discussion was in an exclusive Cartagena restaurant.) Note how each of the sample sentences could also be translated by the appropriate tense of to occur or a phrase with a similar meaning. Sometimes, the meaning or even translation of the verbs subject can change depending on the whether ser or estar is used: El examen ser en la sala de conferencia. (The test will be in the conference hall. The test here refers to an event.)El examen estar en la mesa. (The test will be on the table. The test here refers to a document.)La obra ser en el teatro. (The play will be in the theater. A play is an event.)La obra estar en el museo. (The work of art will be in the museum. A work of art is something that can be touched.) Other Verbs of Location The two other verbs most often used to specify a location or ubicar and situar, which for this purpose are typically used in the form of estar past participle. In the present tense, translation of is, is located, and is situated are all possible. Nuestro hotel est ubicado en el corazà ³n de Buenos Aires. (Our hotel is in the heart of Buenos Aires.)La morada elegante est situada en la zona cosmopolita de Ciudad Quesada. (The elegant dwelling is in the cosmopolitan zone of Ciudad Quesada.)El pueblo de Maxtunil estaba ubicado cinco leguas al norte de Mà ©rida. (The pueblo of Maxtunil was five leagues north of Mà ©rida.)Nuestro segundo local va a estar situado en la calle Fernndez. (Our second shop is going to be on Fernndez Street.) Key Takeaways The verb estar, usually translated as to be, can be used to state where people and objects are.The verb ser, also typically meaning to be, is used to indicate where events take place.The verbs ubicar and situar can also be used to specify locations.

Aphrodite the Greek Love Goddess

Aphrodite the Greek Love Goddess Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love and beauty. She was the most beautiful of the goddesses but was married to the ugliest of the gods, the limp smithy Hephaestus. Aphrodite had many affairs with men, both human and divine, resulting in many children, including Eros, Anteros, Hymenaios, and Aeneas. Aglaea (Splendor), Euphrosyne (Mirth), and Thalia (Good Cheer), known collectively as The Graces, followed in the retinue of Aphrodite. The Birth of Aphrodite In one story of her birth, Aphrodite is said to have sprung from the foam that resulted from the severed testicles of Uranus. In another version of her birth, Aphrodite is said to be the daughter of Zeus and Dione. Cyprus and Cythera are claimed as her birthplace. The Origin of Aphrodite It is thought that the fertility goddess of the Near East was imported to Cyprus during the Mycenaean Era. Aphrodites main cult centers in Greece were in Cythera and Corinth. Aphrodite in the Trojan War Aphrodite is perhaps best known for her role in the Trojan War, especially, an event preceding it: the Judgment of Paris. Arrayed with the Trojans, during the Trojan War, as described in The Iliad, she received a wound, talked with Helen, and helped protect her favorite warriors. Aphrodite in Rome The Roman goddess Venus is thought of as the Roman equivalent of Aphrodite. Gods and Goddesses Index Pronunciation: \ËÅ'a-frÉ™-ˈdÄ «-tÄ“\ Also Known As:  Venus

Program Analysis-Enterting the workforce at a later age Essay

Program Analysis-Enterting the workforce at a later age - Essay Example The issue is important because it ensures that all employees remain lively and with elevated spirits. Studies have confirmed that boredom in the workplace reduces employee productivity. People at a later age also continually lose taste and interest in life (Gregory, 2001). They have many depressing life experiences, have families with needs, and think about their life after retirement. These factors may significantly impact on their performance in the workplace if they are not properly looked into. They want an environment full of joy and comfort, especially joy that leads to mental comfort. The later is best attained through entertainment activities. Entertainment affects new workers, single and working couples in a number of ways. It allows the workers to have some joyous space away from the stressing circumstances of daily life. Through entertainment, new workers acclimatize better to the workplace environment by learning to socialize easily with the other employees (Gregory, 2001). The socialization factor is enhanced by the elevated moods of the employees that enable them to talk openly, share ideas and experiences of life. The workplace becomes another home with entertainment and leisure joints over and above the busy schedule. Working couples at a later age may also lack entertainment and fun in their homes. Most of their children are married, working, or studying. This creates an environment of boredom in their homes. Entertainment in the workplace makes them prefer and enjoy being at the workplace. The more they extend their stay at the workplace, the more their productivity increases. They develop a passion and preferen ce for the workplace that makes them good performers. The best workplace program for dealing with entertainment of aged workforce is by initiation of an entertainment joint at the workplace. After the busy

Impact of Industrial Revolution on American Society Essay

Impact of Industrial Revolution on American Society - Essay Example It is only after the Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914) that a spurt in the development has occurred, resulting in rapid rise of industrial growth. Macro inventions which explored and discovered path breaking innovations in energy, materials, chemicals and medicine slowed down after 1825 which gave an impetus to advancement in research and the quest for acquiring new knowledge and technologies. This, in turn, has given rise to â€Å"micro inventions† (Mokyr, p.1) assisting the acceleration of production capabilities and infrastructure to sustain the industrial growth’. Thus, the society and lifestyles have undergone a sea change and humans became prosperous. This brought in luxuries and a lot of leisure that resulted in various developments in the world, and America in particular, in terms of economical prosperity, intellectual growth and cultural diversification. Modernization has thus become a powerhouse, dictating the world order. Several factors contributed to this newfound economical, intellectual and cultural upliftment. The first and foremost reason for any change or revolution to take shape is the idea which is nurtured by the intellectuals and thinkers who then analytically put forth their views. These slowly percolated and got assimilated into people’s mind. ... To him it said â€Å"Your diamonds are not in faraway mountains or in distant seas; they are in your own backyard if you will but dig for† (Conwell, p.7) the Prof. Joseph Carter, author of the Acres of Diamonds. Thus, the lecture caught the imagination of the American masses, making their belief strong in finding opportunities and avenues for self development and putting in hard efforts to tap the resources at their disposal. Another great work which swayed the minds of American masses was the poem, The New Colossos, by Emma Lazarus. The fourteen line poem was an ode written by Lazarus to the Statue of Liberty, which was engraved on the entrance door and the famous line ‘Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free† (Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus, para.1) was enshrined for immortality on the pedestal of the statue. The poem became a beacon of welcome and the statue became an icon of paragon for thousands of immigrants coming from Eur ope and rest of the world. Besides, it became a sign of hope and opportunity in the new world. Another great inspirational work was by Andrew Carnegie known as the Gospel of Wealth. He was a poor Scottish migrant turned millionaire who became the symbol for social mobility, which also was known as ‘The American Dream’ The profits from his steel empire called the ‘ Carnegie Steel Corp.’ made him one of the wealthiest and influential men in American history. Also, he was a great philanthropist who donated more then $350 million to build public libraries and universities. In his essay, the Gospel of Wealth, Carnegie deals in depth with the wealthy and the responsibilities that come with it. On the other hand, how he symbolized the poor and why charity

Hitlers Victory at the 1936 Summer Olympics :: World War II History

Hitler's Victory at the 1936 Summer Olympics Adolf Hitler, the leader of Greater Germany, August 1, 1936, opened the 1936 World 11th Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany. Adolf Hitler was a perfect host; he welcomed the world's athletes to the Berlin Olympic Stadium, which was designed to seat an audience of 110,000. During the 1936 Summer Olympic Games, Hitler applauded both German and American athletes, as well as winning athletes from all other nations. Even though a perfect host at the 1936 Summer Olympics, Adolf Hitler was still the leader of Greater Germany. Yes, one could be a great host, and still support the home team, as other world leaders were demonstrating at that time. Each world leader, at that time, wanted their nation's team to win at the 1936 Summer Olympics. Adolf Hitler felt the same towards the German team. Hitler wanted to demonstrate two concepts at the 1936 Summer Olympics: 1. An all White Nordic Christian Olympic Team could come in first place. 2. Working Class Participants could raise their status in the world through their own efforts. Participants in all situations, could be judged on their individual actions, not on the economic status of their parents or ancestors alone. The German 1936 Summer Olympic Team did not let Hitler down. The German team, consisting completely of White Nordic Christian members, came in first place during the 1936 Summer Olympic Games held in Berlin, Germany. Among the working class German athletes to win a Gold Medal during the 1936 Summer Olympics, Karl Hein, a carpenter, won a Gold Medal for the Olympic event called: THE HAMMER THROW. Karl Hein broke a world record, which was held for 24 years. During the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in Berlin, the German team won 33 Gold Medals, and 89 Medals in total Olympic categories. Adolf Hitler was very proud of the German 1936 Summer Olympic Team. Hitler was able to prove that an all White Nordic Christian Olympic Team could come in first place, and an individual could raise one's status in life through individual efforts, in spite of coming from a humble working class background. The American team came in second place at the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. Hitler was very impressed by all American athletes at the 1936 Summer Olympics and applauded them. The Olympic Team from France, impressed by their host, Adolf Hitler, gave the Nazi solute as they entered the Berlin Olympic Stadium in 1936 the first time.

History †10th Grade Short Essays Essay

What qualities in George Washington made him a good choice for commanding the revolutionary army? What were his most valuable contributions to independence? Washington would lead the Patriots to a surprising victory over Great Britain. There are many qualities that made George Washington into the great leader that he was. These qualities can be seen by the many decisions he made throughout his role as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and as President. Washington was a heroic man. As a general of the Continental Army, George Washington often rode with his troops along the front lines and brought them together during crucial battles. An example of this is before the battle of Trenton. In December of 1776, Washington personally led his troops across the icy Delaware River into New Jersey on a surprise attack on a Hessian outpost. This shows that George Washington is a brave man, as he is willing to sacrifice for his people. He also doesn’t just call orders and expect his men to comply but instead he leads them himself which shows that he is passionate about what he’s doing. Washington was also experienced when it cam e to military matters. His knowledge came from his experience because he had fought during the French Indian War and proved to be skilled in commanding troops. Washington was also a very wise leader; he knew that he could form an alliance with either Britain or France during the 1790’s. It was too dangerous to side with one or the other because of the political chaos in Europe. So instead he said that the United States should stay neutral. Although it took years for both nations to acknowledge the United States’ neutrality, Washington’s position for the country paid off. These were some of George Washington’s most valuable contributions to independence. Washington was gifted with the ability to reason things out, to examine matters thoroughly before making decisions. Washington also worked very hard. The combat of the revolutionary war began in spring 1775. Why did colonists wait until the summer of 1776 to declare independence? They had been dependent on the British government for so long that declaring independence was very controversial at that time. Some members of the continental congress actually wanted independence while others just wanted to make peace with the British, but they realized that this was not possible and even if it was they would be hung for treason. Thomas Paine then wrote an extremely influential pamphlet in 1776, which was very controversial, persuading many colonists to become independent. â€Å" It called not simply for independence, but for the creation of a new kind of political society, a republic, where power flowed from the people themselves, not from a corrupt and despotic monarch.† Many of the colonial Americans didn’t want to support independence until a year into the war. They only wanted to declare independence in 1776 because they thought that they were too far into the war to go back. Account for the widespread and enthusiastic colonial reception of Thomas Paine’s common sense. It promoted the law; the law is higher than the king. This was very popular with Americans because it promoted the idea that the king is not absolute. Most people believed that king George was the problem with the British government and this message appealed to them .It also gave arguments of why the British who were three thousand miles away and smaller should govern America. Many people felt that someone as far away as Britain should not govern America because they would not have their best interests in mind. Its very good use of imagery was used to provoke thoughts among the colonists. Many colonists who read this pamphlet felt a deep desire to support the revolutionary cause because of the imagery, it caused a lot of anger and resentment among the Americans. Colonists had debated with parliament and protested its actions since 1763. Why, then, did the declaration of independence single out king George iii as a tyrant threatening their liberties? The King was the obvious symbol of the British Empire. He was also the single most determined person in trying to prevent independence. A speech by the King in late 1775 called for the maximum level of force to stop the revolution and to punish the colonies and included language that made the rebels very angry. The King was extremely unpopular in America. George III represented England and by extension parliament and never did anything to protest those acts. The reason why they were treated badly was because the American people felt that they were powerless against them and the British evils of America. Write your definition of loyalty. Then explain why the loyalists were held in such low regard and treated with abuse during the revolutionary war. Loyalty is faithfulness or a devotion to something. Loyalty is standing up for what you believe in, when everyone sits down. Actually, during the American Revolution, Loyalists also would have considered the Rebels with low regard. Only the outcome of the war made the Loyalist cause the losing side, which were the â€Å"bad guys†. This is because history tends to brand losers of war as the villains. Fighting between Loyalists and Rebels in South Carolina was particularly bitter. We forget that not all American colonists wanted independence from Britain. A rough assessment might be that one third were for rebellion, another third were loyalists and a third were neutral and had no opinions on this matter. The Revolutionary War became particularly nasty in the southern colonies during 1780-1781.Both sides Loyalist and Rebel abused each other during the war. Many Americans and loyalists felt betrayed by the other because they had betrayed their cause and thus each side treated each other brutally. List the three most important battles of the revolutionary war. Justify your selections. Lexington Concord – The first battle of the Revolutionary War was the Battle of Concord and Lexington. On April 19th, 1775 American Militamen fought 800 British troops. The battle started in Concord. 73 British soldiers were killed and over two hundred were wounded. 49 American soldiers were killed and 39 were wounded. This basically started the American Revolution. Battle of Saratoga – The turning point of the war, British general John Burgoyne surrendered over 9000 soldiers. Americans take control of the north. Siege of Yorktown – Americans with help from the French, defeat the British. The battle of York town was the most important battle in the revolutionary war. †¨During the battle of Seratoga General Burgyne felt he had no other option but to press to albany. However the American army was blocking the route to Bemis Heights. The british made two attempts to break through the American forces, but they failed. After the second attempt they retreted to searatoga. There they were surrounded by American troops. The British had no choice but to surrender on Oct. 13, 1777. One fourth of the British forces in north America have, even though there were many battles to be fought. This insured the American independence. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ General Cornwalis arrived in Petersburg in May of 1781. After receiving instructions General Cornwalis went to Yorktown and began preparation for a naval base. General Washington moved south and, together with the French ground and naval forces surrounded the British army, forcing them to surrender and eventually ending the war †¨Many historians argue that without French aid the colonies could never have won their independence. Do you agree or disagree? Why? It is not likely. The involvement of the French provided some major victories for the Colonists. Without them the war would have lasted longer. The extremely long line of supply for England was a major short fall at that point in time. The war was also draining the monetary coffers of England. The American colonies could not have succeeded in defeating the British Empire without French aid. The colonists were not soldiers; they had no military training. The colonies had no government to pay for supplies and weapons. The colonists had no chance of success without foreign aid. Before France would ally with the colonies, they wanted to be sure that the colonists had the capability of winning the war. This was accomplished when the colonists defeated the British at the Battle of Saratoga.

Framework for and Ideal Reentry Employment Program to Reduce Recidivism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2158 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Career Essay Level High school Tags: Employment Essay Did you like this example? Over 600,000 inmates are released each year, with over two-thirds of them being arrested again in the first three years of their release and almost four out of five of them being rearrested within the first five years of release (Durose et al., 2014; â€Å"Roadmap to Reentry,† 2017). In an age of mass-incarceration and high numbers of people being released from prison coupled with high percentages of formerly incarcerated people becoming repeat-offenders, it is important to discover how to stop this trend – how to help prisoners reenter society and abandon their old ways. While many aspects affect an individual’s reintegration into society, employment plays a crucial role. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Framework for and Ideal Reentry Employment Program to Reduce Recidivism" essay for you Create order Therefore, having effective measures in place to aid inmates in getting jobs is crucial. The best employment-related programs to help people avoid recidivism would first and foremost make use of strong personal relationships and experienced employment services and that provide long-term support. Some additional services would also be ideal.Employment programs during reentry are important in helping formerly incarcerated people reintegrate into society and avoid recidivism. Employment aids in reentry for several reasons, including creating structure in a former inmate’s day, encouraging social interaction, and boosting self-esteem. It also provides income for a person to provide for himself and his family, which lessens the likelihood of crime (Carter 19). Several studies support the idea that employment reduces recidivism. For example, Rossman and Roman found a correlation between reduced recidivism and working full-time (95). A study by Tripodi et al. found that employment was not statistically significant in reducing recidivism, but there was a significant correlation between having employment and spending a greater amount of time crime-free (713-714). Finally, Berg and Huebner’s study indicated that employment reduced recidivism and that if employed formerly incarcerated people were reconvicted, it took longer for them to commit another crime than it did for those that were unemployed (397). These results provide the reasoning behind the idea that helping formerly incarcerated people find employment upon release may play a big role in avoiding recidivism.Perhaps, one of the most important aspects of an employment program in reentry is good relationships and frequent contact between the former inmates and the people working w ith them in their process of reintegration. A study by Berg and Huebner support the case for relationships with a study that looks at the relationships between family ties, employment, and recidivism. They found that good relationships with relatives and significant others correlate with higher levels of employment and lower crime rates and rates of recidivism. In fact, former inmates with good ties to relatives had a higher employment rate and lower recidivism rate, regardless of their employment history before prison. Berg and Huebner proposed that the outcomes may be because relatives can connect formerly incarcerated people to jobs and provide motivation to find and maintain employment (398-401). Because relationships with relatives appear to be so helpful in increased employment rates and reduced recidivism, family therapy might be a good addition to some formerly incarcerated people’s reentry programs.Unfortunately, not everyone being released from prison has such family ties. Some people have bad relationships with their relatives, and some people coming out of prison may not have any relationships with relatives. In this instance, it is especially important that the service providers working for the employment program work closely with their clients and aim to provide the motivation and guidance that family members may have provided. In Rossman and Roman’s study analyzing the Opportunity to Succeed (OPTS) program and comparing it to formerly incarcerated people working with parole officers, they found that OPTS is largely effective because of the emphasis put on the relationship between the case manager and the client. There was a positive correlation betwee n frequent interaction with case managers and obtaining full-time jobs, and clients were more motivated to find and keep their jobs when their case managers were encouraging and followed up with them (Rossman and Roman 96). Bushway and Apel made similarly promising findings for people that lack strong family ties. They found that an intensive employment program showed no difference in the employment outcomes but that the clients did have a significantly reduced recidivism rate. Their reasoning was that the former inmates’ caseworkers’ support was what led to the reduction in recidivism (Bushway and Apel 25-26). Therefore, if someone does not have good relationships with relatives, or has no relatives at all, upon release from prison, the service providers of a reentry program have the potential to be able to fill that role. Regardless of whether family ties are present, good relationships with the service providers are still important because it is better for a formerly incarcerated person to have too much support rather than too little. Additionally, the service providers would likely have more experience finding employment for their clients than the clients’ relatives would.Not only should service providers have good relationships with their clients by way of frequent communication and providing encouragement and motivation, but they also must provide this support on a long-term basis. One reason for this is to help former inmates maintain their initial motivation. Tripodi et al. found that employment did not reduce recidivism but at least increased the amount of time that someone stayed out of prison. He explained that employment may have had a stronger correlation with staying out of prison for a longer amount of time than with staying out of prison all together because desistance from crime is a process rather than a destination. Former inmates may be more motivated when first released from prison, and that motivation wears off over time. Tripodi et al. proposed that having a job possibly makes that motivation last longer (714-715). Therefore, it is imperative that service providers continue to work with and motivate their clients. Working with a therapist may also help clients maintain their initial motivation or get it back when they lose it. Although the best therapeutic practices for this may be out of the scope of this paper, Tripodi et al., mentions two possibilities: motivational interviewing, which aims to develop motivation, and solution-focused brief therapy, which deals with setting goals and using one’s strengths to reach them (717). Ramakers et al.’s study also suggests that long-term support is important, but his indicates so because his findings suggest that recidivism does not depend on whether someone has a job, but rather depends on the type of job. For hourly employees in particular, job retention was an indicator of a lower likelihood of recidivism. Hourly employees who held their jobs for at least until the six-month follow up were significantly less likely to recidivate than t hose that did not (Ramakers et al. 1811). Ramakers et al.’s study did not look beyond six months, but Tripodi et al.’s indicates that long-term support should last for at least five years. This is because for employed formerly incarcerated people who recidivated, they ranged from 9 months to 60 months crime-free, and 60 months is five years (Tripodi et al. 713). Based on these studies, it is important that former inmates maintain their post-release employment, and employment reentry programs should help them achieve that goal.Employment programs during reentry are more helpful when they work with employment services that have experience placing formerly incarcerated people into jobs. Case managers of OPTS said that it was generally easy to place clients into jobs even with their criminal histories because OPTS and/or their outside providers had previous contact with employers and had experience finding jobs for former inmates (Rossman and Roman 89). Studies involving programs that do not have the same connections with companies say otherwise. Bushway and Apel, for instance, found that employment programs did not increase the likelihood of having a job a few years later. They argued that one of the reasons that trying to place clients in job positions does not work is because their criminal history makes it hard to do so (Bushway and Apel 27). The analysis of OPTS, however, did find that people were more likely to be employed (Rossman and Roman 90). Since OPTS uses service providers with connections and experience, these outcomes highlight the fact that having connections and experience are important assets of employment services in reentry.There are many addition al services that would also be of great help in reintegrating inmates. These include transportation, providing work clothes, and job preparation. In Rossman and Roman’s study on the OPTS program, they found that transportation was, overall, the biggest employment barrier for both OPTS clients and parolees not associated with the OPTS program. The specific issues they looked at included not having a car for work-related emergencies, having to pay a lot of money for car repairs, trouble getting a driver’s license, and public transportation problems. As many as almost 40% of OPTS clients reported struggling with obtaining a car, and just over 40% of the parolees reported having problems getting a driver’s license. These were the highest percentages reported by either the experimental group (OPTS clients) or the control group (the parolees) for any of the aforementioned transportation-related employment barriers (Rossman and Roman 86-87). Sometimes clients did not have personal transportation, and sometimes public transportation did not link parts of the community that needed to be linked for clients to have certain jobs (Rossman and Roman 88). The location of public transportation may be hard to overcome, but clients should certainly be aided in understanding how the system works in case it is a good option for them.Having business attire for job interviews and work was also one of the more common problems, with 20.5% of OPTS clients and 18.3% of parolees reporting facing that barrier (Rossman and Roman 87). Employment pro grams could look to places like Goodwill to provide the clients with work clothes at a cheaper cost, or they could also start initiatives to collect used or new clothingJob preparation and assistance searching for jobs are also worthy of inclusion in an employment program. Among identifying job openings, filling out applications, and interview skills, identifying openings posed the most challenges to both groups with 18.8% of the experimental group and 16.1% of the control group struggling with it (Rossman and Roman 87). Working on these skills should be part of a former inmate’s meetings with his or her service providers. Understandably, employment programs may not be able to offer all of these recommended additional services; however, they should strive to cover as many as they can. Transportation appears to be more important than the clothing, since it was an impediment faced by more people (Rossman and Roman 87). Additionally, if potential employees cannot make it to their job or job interview, then it does not matter if they have suitable clothing. The job preparation skills should also be included as needed because they would most likely be less costly than providing transportation and clothing.Even though some studies disagree with the idea that employment programs make a difference in former inmates’ employment and recidivism, they should still receive investment and attention. First of all, many studies, do show that they help. However, for those studies that disagree, some still suggest that such programs show promise for reducing recidivism. For example, Tripodi et al.’s study showed that employment programs may not significantly reduce recidivism but do significantly increase the amount of time the formerly incarcerated people go before they recidivate. As this study indicates, employment may help formerly incarcerated people get further along in the process of desistence (Tripodi et al. 718). Additionally, Bush and Apel indicated that employment programs may have advantages that people do not usually think about. Their idea was related to the signaling theory of labor economics. This is when a potential employee acquires an observable attribute that communicates something he believes about himself. For example, job applicants may know that they are intelligent, hard-working, and productive, but this cannot be seen by the employer without a signal. In this case, a college degree, especially from a credible and prestigious institute, would act as the signal to the employer that the applicant is the things that he believes he is. In the case of employment programs during reentry, voluntarily going through a program could act as a signal to an employer that a formerly incarcerated person is dedicated and has desisted from crime (Bushway and Apel 30-38). This idea suggests that, in some cases, employment programs should be voluntary in order to give formerly incarcerated peopl e the chance to show employers that they are good job candidates. It also suggests that employment programs warrant investment and further investigation even though some studies say they do not work.In conclusion, relationships are very important in finding and maintaining employment during reentry. Additionally, formerly incarcerated people should receive long-term support, and there are also many extra services that would be helpful. Every aspect of an employment reentry program should be designed to work together to help the clients find and keep their jobs, as employment can play a big role in desistance from crime.